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|era = 20th century |event_start = |date_start = November 7, |event1 = Established |date_event1 = November 9, 1917 |year_start = 1917 |event2 = Admitted to USSR |date_event2 = December 30, 1922 |date_end = December 25, |year_end = 1991 |event_end = Russian Federation |event_post = New Constitution |date_post = December 12, 1993 |stat_year1 = 1989 |area_year1 = 17075200 |pop_year1 = 147386000 |today = |footnote_a = Remained the national anthem of Russia until 2000. |footnote_b = Official language in the courts from 1937.〔article 114 of the 1937 Constitution, article 171 of the 1978 Constitution〕 |footnote_c = As Chairman of the VTsIK (All-Russian Central Executive Committee). |footnote_d = As Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, from May 29, 1990 to July 10, 1991, then as President of Russia. |footnote_e = As Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR |footnote_f = As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian SFSR |footnote_g = Served as acting head of government while President of Russia |footnotes = Seven Hero City awards |footnotes2 = The Russian Democratic Federative Republic existed briefly on January 19, 1918, but actual sovereignty was still in the hands of the Soviets even after the Russian Constituent Assembly opened its first and last session. }} The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; ) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia,〔Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people ((original VTsIK variant ), (III Congress revision )), article I〕 was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with own legislation in 1990–91.〔(The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic ). Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011.〕 The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts.〔 Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care.〔 After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation.〔 On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. The new Russian constitution, adopted on December 12, 1993 after a constitutional crisis, abolished the Soviet system of government in its entirety. ==Nomenclature== Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on , immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies". On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic.〔(Declaration on the rights of working and exploited people ). Hist.msu.ru. Retrieved on June 22, 2011.〕 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.〔(Soviet Russia information ). Russians.net (August 23, 1943). Retrieved on June 22, 2011.〕 By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic.〔Carr, EH ''The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–23, vol 3'' Penguin Books, London, 4th reprint (1983), pp. 257–258. The draft treaty was published for propaganda purposes in the 1921 British document ''Intercourse between Bolshevism and Sinn Féin'' (Cmd 1326).〕 On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936—by that time, Soviet Russia gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700. For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day.〔(Chronicle of Events ). Marxistsfr.org. Retrieved on June 22, 2011.〕 This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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